{"id":10799,"date":"2022-07-27T18:28:53","date_gmt":"2022-07-27T16:28:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/?post_type=encyclopedia&#038;p=10799"},"modified":"2022-09-08T11:18:31","modified_gmt":"2022-09-08T09:18:31","slug":"taqlid-2","status":"publish","type":"encyclopedia","link":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/taqlid-2\/","title":{"rendered":"taql\u00edd"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Arabul &bdquo;ut&aacute;nz&aacute;s&rdquo; &ndash; Az <a href=\"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/iszlam\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Arabul &bdquo;megb&eacute;k&eacute;l&eacute;s&rdquo; Allah akarat&aacute;val vagy &bdquo;&ouml;nal&aacute;vet&eacute;s&rdquo; Allah akarat&aacute;nak &ndash;&nbsp;Az iszl&aacute;m vall&aacute;s &ouml;nmegnevez&eacute;se az aszlama = megb&eacute;k&eacute;lni, beh&oacute;dolni, &ouml;nmag&aacute;t al&aacute;vetni jelent&eacute;s&#369; ig&eacute;b&#337;l. Az iszl&aacute;m az i.sz. 7. sz. j&ouml;tt l&eacute;tre, alap&iacute;t&oacute;ja Mohamed (570-623), az iszl&aacute;m pr&oacute;f&eacute;t&aacute;ja, Allah k&uuml;ld&ouml;tte. Allah az &uuml;zeneteit a hetedik &eacute;gb&#337;l lek&uuml;ldte [nuzul] Dzsibr&iacute;l arkangyallal, hogy ledikt&aacute;lja Mohamednek, aki recit&aacute;lta &eacute;s h&iacute;veivel memoriz&aacute;lta&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">iszl&aacute;m<\/a> vall&aacute;sjog [<em><a href=\"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/fiqh\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Arabul &bdquo;meg&eacute;rt&eacute;s&rdquo;, ti. a vall&aacute;sjogra vonatkoz&oacute;an &ndash; Az iszl&aacute;m vall&aacute;si jog vagy jogtudom&aacute;ny [usz&uacute;l al-fiqh] felfog&aacute;s&aacute;ban maga Allah a jogalkot&oacute;, az ember csak meg&eacute;rteni, felismerni tudja a jogforr&aacute;sban (Kor&aacute;n, szunna) tal&aacute;lhat&oacute; t&ouml;rv&eacute;nyt. A fiqh vall&aacute;si jog, ez&eacute;rt a hittudom&aacute;nyi k&eacute;pzetts&eacute;g a jogtudom&aacute;ny m&#369;vel&eacute;s&eacute;nek felt&eacute;tele. A sar&iacute;a eg&eacute;sz&eacute;nek &aacute;tfog&oacute; kutat&oacute;ja a vall&aacute;s- &eacute;s jogtud&oacute;s, az &aacute;lim.&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">fiqh<\/a><\/em>] vagy egy vall&aacute;sjogi iskola [<em><a href=\"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/madzhab\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Arabul &bdquo;cselekv&eacute;si m&oacute;d&rdquo;, &aacute;tvitt &eacute;rtelemben &bdquo;vall&aacute;sjogi iskola&rdquo; [t.sz. madz&aacute;hib] &ndash; Az iszl&aacute;m vall&aacute;sjogban [fiqh] a sz&aacute;zadok sor&aacute;n sok vall&aacute;sjogi iskola j&ouml;tt l&eacute;tre &eacute;s t&#369;nt el, mindegyiket saj&aacute;tos m&oacute;dszertan jellemzi. A mai muszlimok &ndash; legal&aacute;bbis a 2004-es Ammani &Uuml;zenet egys&eacute;gmozgalm&aacute;nak al&aacute;&iacute;r&oacute;i &ndash; nyolc vall&aacute;sjogi iskol&aacute;t fogadnak el: a szunnita &aacute;ghoz tartozik a hanaf&iacute;, s&aacute;fi&iacute;, m&aacute;lik&iacute;, hanbal&iacute;&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">madzhab<\/a><\/em>] &ndash; r&eacute;gi hagyom&aacute;ny&aacute;nak &ndash; &bdquo;k&ouml;vet&eacute;se&rdquo;. &Aacute;ltal&aacute;nos &eacute;rtelemben minden muszlimnak joga &eacute;s k&ouml;teless&eacute;ge k&ouml;vetni a vall&aacute;sjog el&#337;&iacute;r&aacute;sait, illetve a vall&aacute;sjogi szak&eacute;rt&#337;ket. Ugyanakkor a modern kor kih&iacute;v&aacute;sai miatt pl. a<em> <a href=\"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/szalafi\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"A szunnita iszl&aacute;m egyik 19. sz-i konzervat&iacute;v reformmozgalma [asz-szalaf&iacute;jja], annak h&iacute;ve vagy olyan lelkis&eacute;g&#369;, saj&aacute;ts&aacute;g&uacute;.. A mozgalom neve az arab asz-szalaf asz-sz&aacute;lih&iacute;n = az er&eacute;nyes\/kegyes el&#337;d&ouml;k\/&#337;s&ouml;k kifejez&eacute;sb&#337;l ered. A mozgalom az iszl&aacute;m reformj&aacute;nak lehet&#337;s&eacute;g&eacute;t abban l&aacute;tja, hogy vissza kell t&eacute;rni az els&#337; h&aacute;rom nemzed&eacute;k iszl&aacute;mj&aacute;hoz, konkr&eacute;tan Mohamed &eacute;s &bdquo;t&aacute;rsai&rdquo; [szahaba], az &#337;ket &bdquo;k&ouml;vet&#337;k [t&aacute;bi&uacute;n], &eacute;s&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">szalaf&iacute;<\/a><\/em> lelkis&eacute;gi mozgalom sz&oacute;haszn&aacute;lat&aacute;ban a fogalom pejorat&iacute;v: &bdquo;ut&aacute;nz&oacute;&rdquo; [<em>muqallid<\/em>] az, aki a k&ouml;z&eacute;pkori vall&aacute;sjogi d&ouml;nt&eacute;sekhez vakon ragaszkodik.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Arabul \u201eut\u00e1nz\u00e1s\u201d \u2013 Az iszl\u00e1m vall\u00e1sjog [fiqh] vagy egy vall\u00e1sjogi iskola [madzhab] \u2013 r\u00e9gi hagyom\u00e1ny\u00e1nak \u2013 \u201ek\u00f6vet\u00e9se\u201d. \u00c1ltal\u00e1nos \u00e9rtelemben minden muszlimnak joga \u00e9s k\u00f6teless\u00e9ge k\u00f6vetni a vall\u00e1sjog el\u0151\u00edr\u00e1sait, illetve a vall\u00e1sjogi szak\u00e9rt\u0151ket. Ugyanakkor a modern kor kih\u00edv\u00e1sai miatt pl. a szalaf\u00ed lelkis\u00e9gi mozgalom sz\u00f3haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1ban a fogalom pejorat\u00edv: \u201eut\u00e1nz\u00f3\u201d [muqallid] az, aki a k\u00f6z\u00e9pkori vall\u00e1sjogi d\u00f6nt\u00e9sekhez &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"template":"","encyclopedia-tag":[],"class_list":["post-10799","encyclopedia","type-encyclopedia","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia\/10799","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/encyclopedia"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia\/10799\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13589,"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia\/10799\/revisions\/13589"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10799"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"encyclopedia-tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia-tag?post=10799"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}