{"id":3700,"date":"2022-07-06T21:43:08","date_gmt":"2022-07-06T19:43:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/jehova\/"},"modified":"2024-10-08T16:17:07","modified_gmt":"2024-10-08T14:17:07","slug":"jehova","status":"publish","type":"encyclopedia","link":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/jehova\/","title":{"rendered":"Jehova"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A bibliai h&eacute;ber istenn&eacute;v bet&#369;ib&#337;l [<em><a href=\"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/jhvh\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Az &uacute;n. N&eacute;gy Bet&#369; [tetragrammaton], a jod-h&eacute;-vav-h&eacute; Isten nev&eacute;nek bet&#369;i a h&eacute;ber Biblia sz&ouml;veg&eacute;ben. A N&eacute;v pontos kiejt&eacute;se k&eacute;t okb&oacute;l is feled&eacute;sbe mer&uuml;lt. Egyr&eacute;szt, az &oacute;kori h&eacute;ber &iacute;r&aacute;s csak m&aacute;ssalhangz&oacute;kat &eacute;s f&eacute;lmag&aacute;nhangz&oacute;kat r&ouml;gz&iacute;tett, mag&aacute;nhangz&oacute;kat nem. M&aacute;sr&eacute;szt, a zsid&oacute;s&aacute;g istenf&eacute;lelemb&#337;l ker&uuml;lte Isten nev&eacute;nek f&ouml;l&ouml;sleges kimond&aacute;s&aacute;t. Ez&eacute;rt &uacute;gy utaltak Istenre, hogy ha-S&eacute;m (&bdquo;A N&eacute;v&rdquo;, azaz &bdquo;&#336;&rdquo;), &eacute;s&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">JHVH<\/a><\/em>] &eacute;s az <em>Adon&aacute;j<\/em> (&bdquo;az &Uacute;r&rdquo;) sz&oacute; mag&aacute;nhangz&oacute;ib&oacute;l a k&ouml;z&eacute;pkorban keletkezett hibrid kifejez&eacute;s. A h&eacute;ber &iacute;r&aacute;s kezdetben nem jel&ouml;lte a mag&aacute;nhangz&oacute;kat, ez&eacute;rt Isten neve is n&eacute;gy bet&#369;k&eacute;nt [<em><a href=\"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/jhvh\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Az &uacute;n. N&eacute;gy Bet&#369; [tetragrammaton], a jod-h&eacute;-vav-h&eacute; Isten nev&eacute;nek bet&#369;i a h&eacute;ber Biblia sz&ouml;veg&eacute;ben. A N&eacute;v pontos kiejt&eacute;se k&eacute;t okb&oacute;l is feled&eacute;sbe mer&uuml;lt. Egyr&eacute;szt, az &oacute;kori h&eacute;ber &iacute;r&aacute;s csak m&aacute;ssalhangz&oacute;kat &eacute;s f&eacute;lmag&aacute;nhangz&oacute;kat r&ouml;gz&iacute;tett, mag&aacute;nhangz&oacute;kat nem. M&aacute;sr&eacute;szt, a zsid&oacute;s&aacute;g istenf&eacute;lelemb&#337;l ker&uuml;lte Isten nev&eacute;nek f&ouml;l&ouml;sleges kimond&aacute;s&aacute;t. Ez&eacute;rt &uacute;gy utaltak Istenre, hogy ha-S&eacute;m (&bdquo;A N&eacute;v&rdquo;, azaz &bdquo;&#336;&rdquo;), &eacute;s&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">JHVH<\/a><\/em>, <em>Jod-H&eacute;-Vav-H&eacute;<\/em>] jelenik meg a Tanakh \/ &Oacute;sz&ouml;vets&eacute;g sz&ouml;veg&eacute;ben. Csak a kora k&ouml;z&eacute;pkorban l&aacute;tt&aacute;k el a sz&ouml;veget mag&aacute;nhangz&oacute;kkal, &eacute;s a <a href=\"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/jhvh\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Az &uacute;n. N&eacute;gy Bet&#369; [tetragrammaton], a jod-h&eacute;-vav-h&eacute; Isten nev&eacute;nek bet&#369;i a h&eacute;ber Biblia sz&ouml;veg&eacute;ben. A N&eacute;v pontos kiejt&eacute;se k&eacute;t okb&oacute;l is feled&eacute;sbe mer&uuml;lt. Egyr&eacute;szt, az &oacute;kori h&eacute;ber &iacute;r&aacute;s csak m&aacute;ssalhangz&oacute;kat &eacute;s f&eacute;lmag&aacute;nhangz&oacute;kat r&ouml;gz&iacute;tett, mag&aacute;nhangz&oacute;kat nem. M&aacute;sr&eacute;szt, a zsid&oacute;s&aacute;g istenf&eacute;lelemb&#337;l ker&uuml;lte Isten nev&eacute;nek f&ouml;l&ouml;sleges kimond&aacute;s&aacute;t. Ez&eacute;rt &uacute;gy utaltak Istenre, hogy ha-S&eacute;m (&bdquo;A N&eacute;v&rdquo;, azaz &bdquo;&#336;&rdquo;), &eacute;s&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">JHVH<\/a> al&aacute;-f&ouml;l&eacute; az <em>Adon&aacute;j<\/em> (&bdquo;az &Uacute;r&rdquo;) sz&oacute; mag&aacute;nhangz&oacute; jeleit tett&eacute;k. &Iacute;gy amikor a Szent&iacute;r&aacute;st olvasva a n&eacute;gy bet&#369;h&ouml;z &eacute;rtek, <a href=\"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/jhvh\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Az &uacute;n. N&eacute;gy Bet&#369; [tetragrammaton], a jod-h&eacute;-vav-h&eacute; Isten nev&eacute;nek bet&#369;i a h&eacute;ber Biblia sz&ouml;veg&eacute;ben. A N&eacute;v pontos kiejt&eacute;se k&eacute;t okb&oacute;l is feled&eacute;sbe mer&uuml;lt. Egyr&eacute;szt, az &oacute;kori h&eacute;ber &iacute;r&aacute;s csak m&aacute;ssalhangz&oacute;kat &eacute;s f&eacute;lmag&aacute;nhangz&oacute;kat r&ouml;gz&iacute;tett, mag&aacute;nhangz&oacute;kat nem. M&aacute;sr&eacute;szt, a zsid&oacute;s&aacute;g istenf&eacute;lelemb&#337;l ker&uuml;lte Isten nev&eacute;nek f&ouml;l&ouml;sleges kimond&aacute;s&aacute;t. Ez&eacute;rt &uacute;gy utaltak Istenre, hogy ha-S&eacute;m (&bdquo;A N&eacute;v&rdquo;, azaz &bdquo;&#336;&rdquo;), &eacute;s&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">JHVH<\/a>-t olvastak, de <em>Adon&aacute;j<\/em>-t mondtak. Egyes k&ouml;z&eacute;pkori kereszt&eacute;ny teol&oacute;gusok ezt f&eacute;lre&eacute;rtve m&eacute;gis &ouml;sszeolvast&aacute;k a <a href=\"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/jhvh\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Az &uacute;n. N&eacute;gy Bet&#369; [tetragrammaton], a jod-h&eacute;-vav-h&eacute; Isten nev&eacute;nek bet&#369;i a h&eacute;ber Biblia sz&ouml;veg&eacute;ben. A N&eacute;v pontos kiejt&eacute;se k&eacute;t okb&oacute;l is feled&eacute;sbe mer&uuml;lt. Egyr&eacute;szt, az &oacute;kori h&eacute;ber &iacute;r&aacute;s csak m&aacute;ssalhangz&oacute;kat &eacute;s f&eacute;lmag&aacute;nhangz&oacute;kat r&ouml;gz&iacute;tett, mag&aacute;nhangz&oacute;kat nem. M&aacute;sr&eacute;szt, a zsid&oacute;s&aacute;g istenf&eacute;lelemb&#337;l ker&uuml;lte Isten nev&eacute;nek f&ouml;l&ouml;sleges kimond&aacute;s&aacute;t. Ez&eacute;rt &uacute;gy utaltak Istenre, hogy ha-S&eacute;m (&bdquo;A N&eacute;v&rdquo;, azaz &bdquo;&#336;&rdquo;), &eacute;s&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">JHVH<\/a> bet&#369;it az Adon&aacute;j mag&aacute;nhangz&oacute;ival, &iacute;gy jelent meg t&ouml;bbek k&ouml;z&ouml;tt a &bdquo;Jehova&rdquo; alak.<\/p>\n<p># <a href=\"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/jehova-tanui\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Az angol Jehovah's Witnesses kifejez&eacute;s ford&iacute;t&aacute;sa &ndash;&nbsp;A 19. sz-i amerikai Charles T. Russell &aacute;ltal vezetett &bdquo;Nemzetk&ouml;zi Bibliakutat&oacute;k&rdquo; (International Bible Students) egyes&uuml;let&eacute;b&#337;l Russell hal&aacute;la ut&aacute;n &ouml;n&aacute;ll&oacute;sult vall&aacute;si szervezet. Egy 1931-es kongresszuson vett&eacute;k fel a &bdquo;Jehova Tan&uacute;i&rdquo; nevet, &ouml;nmagukra alkalmazva az &Eacute;zs 43:10 sz&ouml;veg&eacute;t : &bdquo;Ti vagytok tan&uacute;im, &iacute;gy sz&oacute;l az &Uacute;R [JHVH]...&rdquo; &ndash; K&ouml;zpont: Warwick (New&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">Jehova Tan&uacute;i<\/a> tan&iacute;t&aacute;s&aacute;ban &bdquo;Isten szem&eacute;lyneve&rdquo; lett.<\/p>\n<p># Az <a href=\"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/utolso-napi-szentek\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Az Utols&oacute; Napi Szentek J&eacute;zus Krisztus Egyh&aacute;za tagjai, r&eacute;gi, k&ouml;zismert nev&eacute;n a mormon vall&aacute;s h&iacute;vei. 2018 &oacute;ta ker&uuml;lik a &bdquo;mormon&rdquo; &ouml;nmegjel&ouml;l&eacute;st, ink&aacute;bb &bdquo;a Szentek&rdquo; &eacute;s a &bdquo;kereszt&eacute;ny&rdquo; kifejez&eacute;st haszn&aacute;lj&aacute;k. &ndash; A vall&aacute;s nev&eacute;nek magyar ford&iacute;t&aacute;si probl&eacute;m&aacute;it illet&#337;en ld. Utols&oacute; Napok Szentjei\" class=\"encyclopedia\">Utols&oacute; Napi Szentek<\/a> tan&iacute;t&aacute;s&aacute;ban Jehova a Fi&uacute; (<a href=\"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/jezus-krisztus\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"J&eacute;zus Krisztus a kereszt&eacute;ny vall&aacute;s alap&iacute;t&oacute;ja. Az i.sz. 1. sz&aacute;zadban &eacute;lt zsid&oacute; f&eacute;rfi, h&iacute;vei sz&aacute;m&aacute;ra a megj&ouml;vend&ouml;lt, sz&aacute;zadokon &aacute;t v&aacute;rt, &eacute;s elj&ouml;tt &bdquo;messi&aacute;s&rdquo; [h&eacute;ber mas&iacute;ach, g&ouml;r&ouml;g khrisztosz = &bdquo;(olajjal) felkent&rdquo;, azaz felhatalmazott), illetve &bdquo;Isten Fia&rdquo; &eacute;s az &bdquo;Ember Fia&rdquo;, az emberr&eacute; lett Isten. A J&eacute;s&uacute;a az &oacute;kori zsid&oacute;s&aacute;gban elterjedt szem&eacute;lyn&eacute;v volt, jelent&eacute;se kb. &bdquo;JHVH a&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">J&eacute;zus<\/a> Krisztus) &bdquo;neve&rdquo; (ahogy az Atya &bdquo;neve&rdquo; <a href=\"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/elohim\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"A h&eacute;ber &eacute;l, eloah = &bdquo;isten&rdquo; jelent&eacute;s&#369; sz&oacute; t&ouml;bbes sz&aacute;m&uacute; alakja. Ha ut&aacute;na az ige t&ouml;bbes sz&aacute;mban &aacute;ll, akkor az elohim = &bdquo;istenek&rdquo;, ami a n&eacute;pek isteneire &eacute;s &aacute;ltal&aacute;ban t&uacute;lvil&aacute;gi l&eacute;nyekre utal. Ha egyes sz&aacute;mban &aacute;ll az ige, akkor az Istens&eacute;gre utal (JHVH-ra), ui. a h&eacute;berben a t&ouml;bbessz&aacute;m ragja [-im, -&oacute;t] az elvont f&#337;n&eacute;v k&eacute;pz&eacute;s&eacute;nek&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">Elohim<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>MEGJEGYZ&Eacute;S: H&eacute;ber f&uuml;lnek a &bdquo;Jehova&rdquo; ugyanolyan lehetetlen&uuml;l hangzik, mintha a magyar iSTeN sz&oacute; m&aacute;ssalhangz&oacute;it &ouml;sszeolvasn&aacute;nk az UrAm mag&aacute;nhangz&oacute;ival: &bdquo;USTAN&rdquo;. A &bdquo;Jehova&rdquo; m&#369;sz&oacute; az eur&oacute;pai nyelvekben m&eacute;gis &aacute;tment a k&ouml;ztudatba, egyes bibliaford&iacute;t&aacute;sokban (pl. K&aacute;roli) &eacute;s a k&ouml;lt&eacute;szetben is megjelent.<\/p>\n<div id=\"mouseposition-extension-element-full-container\" style=\"position: fixed; inset: 0px; pointer-events: none; z-index: 2147483647; font-weight: 400;\">\n<div id=\"mouseposition-extension-element-rect-display\" style=\"display: none; position: absolute; background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7); outline: black solid 1px; font-size: 12px; z-index: 2147483647; justify-content: center; align-items: center; user-select: none; cursor: default; color: #000000; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width: 0px; height: 0px;\">\n<pre style=\"flex: 1 1 0%; text-align: center; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7); color: #000000; min-width: 42px; min-height: 12px; transition: all 1s ease 0s;\"><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<pre id=\"mouseposition-extension-element-coordinate-display\" style=\"position: absolute; display: none; background: #ffffff; font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px; border-radius: 3px; border-width: 1px; border-color: #222222 black #333333; border-style: solid; padding: 3px; z-index: 2147483647; color: #222222; user-select: none; cursor: default; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A bibliai h\u00e9ber istenn\u00e9v bet\u0171ib\u0151l [JHVH] \u00e9s az Adon\u00e1j (\u201eaz \u00dar\u201d) sz\u00f3 mag\u00e1nhangz\u00f3ib\u00f3l a k\u00f6z\u00e9pkorban keletkezett hibrid kifejez\u00e9s. A h\u00e9ber \u00edr\u00e1s kezdetben nem jel\u00f6lte a mag\u00e1nhangz\u00f3kat, ez\u00e9rt Isten neve is n\u00e9gy bet\u0171k\u00e9nt [JHVH, Jod-H\u00e9-Vav-H\u00e9] jelenik meg a Tanakh \/ \u00d3sz\u00f6vets\u00e9g sz\u00f6veg\u00e9ben. Csak a kora k\u00f6z\u00e9pkorban l\u00e1tt\u00e1k el a sz\u00f6veget mag\u00e1nhangz\u00f3kkal, \u00e9s a JHVH al\u00e1-f\u00f6l\u00e9 az &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"template":"","encyclopedia-tag":[],"class_list":["post-3700","encyclopedia","type-encyclopedia","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia\/3700","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/encyclopedia"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia\/3700\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15838,"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia\/3700\/revisions\/15838"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3700"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"encyclopedia-tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia-tag?post=3700"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}