{"id":3854,"date":"2022-07-06T21:43:13","date_gmt":"2022-07-06T19:43:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/takfir\/"},"modified":"2022-08-02T18:19:19","modified_gmt":"2022-08-02T16:19:19","slug":"takfir","status":"publish","type":"encyclopedia","link":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/takfir\/","title":{"rendered":"takf\u00edr"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Arabul &bdquo;hitetlennek nevez&eacute;s&rdquo; &ndash; Egy mag&aacute;t muszlimnak vall&oacute; szem&eacute;ly hitetlennek [<em><a href=\"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/kafir\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Arabul &bdquo;hitetlen&rdquo; [n&#337;n. k&aacute;fira, t.sz. kuff&aacute;r \/ k&aacute;fir&uacute;n] &ndash; Az iszl&aacute;mban az Allah ellen elk&ouml;vethet&#337; k&eacute;t f&#337; b&#369;n egyike a &bdquo;hitetlens&eacute;g&rdquo; [kufr], a m&aacute;sik az Allah mell&eacute; &bdquo;t&aacute;rs&iacute;t&aacute;s&rdquo; [sirk]. A hitetlen vagy Allah l&eacute;t&eacute;t tagadja, vagy &ndash; a legt&ouml;bb kor&aacute;ni sz&ouml;vegben &ndash; Allah &eacute;s k&uuml;ld&ouml;tte tekint&eacute;ly&eacute;t utas&iacute;tja el, azaz k&eacute;telkedik, engedetlen, h&#369;tlen. Kor&aacute;ni ellent&eacute;te a&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">k&aacute;fir<\/a><\/em>] nevez&eacute;se. A nemzetk&ouml;zi <a href=\"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/muszlim\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Arabul &bdquo;aki al&aacute;veti mag&aacute;t&rdquo; (Allah akarat&aacute;nak), &bdquo;aki megb&eacute;k&eacute;l&rdquo; (Allah akarat&aacute;val) [n&#337;n. muszlima, t.sz. muszlim&uacute;n] &ndash; Az iszl&aacute;m h&iacute;veinek leggyakoribb &ouml;nmegnevez&eacute;se. Az aszlama = megb&eacute;k&eacute;lni, beh&oacute;dolni, &ouml;nmag&aacute;t al&aacute;vetni ig&eacute;b&#337;l. A &bdquo;muszlim&rdquo; magyarul is k&ouml;nnyen kiejthet&#337; &eacute;s elterjedt sz&oacute;. A &bdquo;muzulm&aacute;n&rdquo; v&aacute;ltozat &ndash; a t&ouml;r&ouml;k m&uuml;sz&uuml;lm&eacute;n nyom&aacute;n &ndash; elfogadhat&oacute;, a n&eacute;metes &bdquo;mozlim&rdquo; az akad&eacute;miai aj&aacute;nl&aacute;s ellen&eacute;re sincs&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">muszlim<\/a> k&ouml;z&ouml;ss&eacute;gen bel&uuml;li gyakori &bdquo;takf&iacute;roz&aacute;s&rdquo; k&aacute;ros hat&aacute;sa miatt, azzal szemben lett megfogalmazva a 2005-&ouml;s Ammani Nyilatkozat, amelyet t&ouml;bb sz&aacute;z <a href=\"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/muszlim\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Arabul &bdquo;aki al&aacute;veti mag&aacute;t&rdquo; (Allah akarat&aacute;nak), &bdquo;aki megb&eacute;k&eacute;l&rdquo; (Allah akarat&aacute;val) [n&#337;n. muszlima, t.sz. muszlim&uacute;n] &ndash; Az iszl&aacute;m h&iacute;veinek leggyakoribb &ouml;nmegnevez&eacute;se. Az aszlama = megb&eacute;k&eacute;lni, beh&oacute;dolni, &ouml;nmag&aacute;t al&aacute;vetni ig&eacute;b&#337;l. A &bdquo;muszlim&rdquo; magyarul is k&ouml;nnyen kiejthet&#337; &eacute;s elterjedt sz&oacute;. A &bdquo;muzulm&aacute;n&rdquo; v&aacute;ltozat &ndash; a t&ouml;r&ouml;k m&uuml;sz&uuml;lm&eacute;n nyom&aacute;n &ndash; elfogadhat&oacute;, a n&eacute;metes &bdquo;mozlim&rdquo; az akad&eacute;miai aj&aacute;nl&aacute;s ellen&eacute;re sincs&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">muszlim<\/a> vezet&#337; &iacute;rt al&aacute;.<\/p>\n<p>Ld. <a href=\"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/kufr\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Arabul &bdquo;hitetlens&eacute;g&rdquo; &ndash; Az iszl&aacute;mban az Allah ellen elk&ouml;vethet&#337; k&eacute;t f&#337; b&#369;n egyike a &bdquo;hitetlens&eacute;g&rdquo; [kufr], a m&aacute;sik az Allah mell&eacute; &bdquo;t&aacute;rs&iacute;t&aacute;s&rdquo; [sirk]. A Kor&aacute;nban a hitetlens&eacute;g ritk&aacute;n utal Allah l&eacute;tez&eacute;s&eacute;nek a tagad&aacute;s&aacute;ra. Az ateizmus kor&aacute;ni megfogalmaz&aacute;sa (Q 45:24) materializmusra utal: az embernek csak ez a f&ouml;ldi &eacute;lete van, &eacute;s csak az id&#337; [dahr] puszt&iacute;tja&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">kufr<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/sirk\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Arabul &bdquo;t&aacute;rs&iacute;t&aacute;s&rdquo; &ndash; Az iszl&aacute;m hittan alapja az egyistenhit [tauh&iacute;d], ez&eacute;rt az Allah mell&eacute; &bdquo;t&aacute;rs&iacute;t&aacute;s&rdquo; [sirk vagy isr&aacute;k] megbocs&aacute;thatatlan b&#369;n (Q 4:36,48), &eacute;s &bdquo;t&aacute;rs&iacute;t&oacute;&rdquo; [musrik] nem &uuml;dv&ouml;z&uuml;lhet. A t&aacute;rs&iacute;t&aacute;st t&ouml;bbnyire sokistenhitk&eacute;nt vagy b&aacute;lv&aacute;nyim&aacute;d&aacute;sk&eacute;nt defini&aacute;lj&aacute;k, de enn&eacute;l t&ouml;bbr&#337;l van sz&oacute;. A t&aacute;rs&iacute;t&aacute;snak h&aacute;rom szintje van. &bdquo;Nagy t&aacute;rs&iacute;t&aacute;s&rdquo; [as-sirk al-akb&aacute;r] egyn&eacute;l t&ouml;bb istenben hinni (Q 16:51 40:65&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">sirk<\/a><\/p>\n<div id=\"mouseposition-extension-element-full-container\" style=\"position: fixed; inset: 0px; pointer-events: none; z-index: 2147483647; font-weight: 400;\">\n<div id=\"mouseposition-extension-element-rect-display\" style=\"display: none; position: absolute; background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7); outline: black solid 1px; font-size: 12px; z-index: 2147483647; justify-content: center; align-items: center; user-select: none; cursor: default; color: #000000; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width: 0px; height: 0px;\">\n<pre style=\"flex: 1 1 0%; text-align: center; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7); color: #000000; min-width: 42px; min-height: 12px; transition: all 1s ease 0s;\"><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<pre id=\"mouseposition-extension-element-coordinate-display\" style=\"position: absolute; display: none; background: #ffffff; font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px; border-radius: 3px; border-width: 1px; border-color: #222222 black #333333; border-style: solid; padding: 3px; z-index: 2147483647; color: #222222; user-select: none; cursor: default; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Arabul \u201ehitetlennek nevez\u00e9s\u201d \u2013 Egy mag\u00e1t muszlimnak vall\u00f3 szem\u00e9ly hitetlennek [k\u00e1fir] nevez\u00e9se. A nemzetk\u00f6zi muszlim k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9gen bel\u00fcli gyakori \u201etakf\u00edroz\u00e1s\u201d k\u00e1ros hat\u00e1sa miatt, azzal szemben lett megfogalmazva a 2005-\u00f6s Ammani Nyilatkozat, amelyet t\u00f6bb sz\u00e1z muszlim vezet\u0151 \u00edrt al\u00e1. Ld. kufr, sirk<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"template":"","encyclopedia-tag":[],"class_list":["post-3854","encyclopedia","type-encyclopedia","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia\/3854","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/encyclopedia"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia\/3854\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10969,"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia\/3854\/revisions\/10969"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3854"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"encyclopedia-tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia-tag?post=3854"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}