{"id":3881,"date":"2022-07-06T21:43:14","date_gmt":"2022-07-06T19:43:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/hidzsra\/"},"modified":"2022-07-25T16:05:10","modified_gmt":"2022-07-25T14:05:10","slug":"hidzsra","status":"publish","type":"encyclopedia","link":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/hidzsra\/","title":{"rendered":"hidzsra"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Arabul &bdquo;t&aacute;voz&aacute;s&rdquo; vagy &bdquo;kivonul&aacute;s&rdquo; &ndash; Az <a href=\"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/iszlam\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Arabul &bdquo;megb&eacute;k&eacute;l&eacute;s&rdquo; Allah akarat&aacute;val vagy &bdquo;&ouml;nal&aacute;vet&eacute;s&rdquo; Allah akarat&aacute;nak &ndash;&nbsp;Az iszl&aacute;m vall&aacute;s &ouml;nmegnevez&eacute;se az aszlama = megb&eacute;k&eacute;lni, beh&oacute;dolni, &ouml;nmag&aacute;t al&aacute;vetni jelent&eacute;s&#369; ig&eacute;b&#337;l. Az iszl&aacute;m az i.sz. 7. sz. j&ouml;tt l&eacute;tre, alap&iacute;t&oacute;ja Mohamed (570-623), az iszl&aacute;m pr&oacute;f&eacute;t&aacute;ja, Allah k&uuml;ld&ouml;tte. Allah az &uuml;zeneteit a hetedik &eacute;gb&#337;l lek&uuml;ldte [nuzul] Dzsibr&iacute;l arkangyallal, hogy ledikt&aacute;lja Mohamednek, aki recit&aacute;lta &eacute;s h&iacute;veivel memoriz&aacute;lta&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">iszl&aacute;m<\/a> id&#337;sz&aacute;m&iacute;t&aacute;s kezdete, amikor <a href=\"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/mohamed\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Muhammad ibn Abdullah (kb. 570-632). Arab keresked&#337;, majd vall&aacute;si, politikai, katonai vezet&#337;, az iszl&aacute;m pr&oacute;f&eacute;t&aacute;ja. Nev&eacute;nek jelent&eacute;se &bdquo;dics&eacute;retre m&eacute;lt&oacute;&rdquo;. A mai Sza&uacute;d-Ar&aacute;bia ter&uuml;let&eacute;n, Mekk&aacute;ban sz&uuml;letett, egy anyagi szempontb&oacute;l jelent&eacute;ktelen kl&aacute;n tagjak&eacute;nt. &Eacute;desapj&aacute;t (Abdullah, azaz &bdquo;Allah szolg&aacute;ja&rdquo;) m&eacute;g sz&uuml;let&eacute;se el&#337;tt vesztette el, &eacute;desanyj&aacute;t (Amina) hat&eacute;vesen, &iacute;gy anyai nagyb&aacute;tyja, Ab&uacute; T&aacute;lib nevelte. Az iszl&aacute;m pr&oacute;f&eacute;t&aacute;ja kb. 40&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">Mohamed<\/a> Mekk&aacute;b&oacute;l Jaszribba (a k&eacute;s&#337;bbi Medin&aacute;ba) t&aacute;vozott. D&aacute;tuma i.sz. 622. j&uacute;lius 16, azaz <a href=\"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/a-h\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Iszl&aacute;m id&#337;sz&aacute;m&iacute;t&aacute;sra utal&oacute; r&ouml;vid&iacute;t&eacute;s: a latin Anno Hegirae jelent&eacute;se &bdquo;a hidzsra ... &eacute;v&eacute;ben&rdquo;. Mohamed Mekk&aacute;b&oacute;l val&oacute; t&aacute;voz&aacute;sa [hidzsra] lett az iszl&aacute;m id&#337;sz&aacute;m&iacute;t&aacute;s kezd&#337;&eacute;ve (i.sz. 622. j&uacute;lius 16), &iacute;gy pl. i.sz. 2022 = 1443\/1444 AH. Az anno jelent&eacute;se &eacute;v, a hegira az arab hidzsra k&ouml;z&eacute;pkori latinos &aacute;t&iacute;r&aacute;sa, a hagirae birtokos eset&#369; alak.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">A.H.<\/a> 1. <em>Muharram<\/em> 1.<\/p>\n<div id=\"mouseposition-extension-element-full-container\" style=\"position: fixed; inset: 0px; pointer-events: none; z-index: 2147483647; font-weight: 400;\">\n<div id=\"mouseposition-extension-element-rect-display\" style=\"display: none; position: absolute; background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7); outline: black solid 1px; font-size: 12px; z-index: 2147483647; justify-content: center; align-items: center; user-select: none; cursor: default; color: #000000; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width: 0px; height: 0px;\">\n<pre style=\"flex: 1 1 0%; text-align: center; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7); color: #000000; min-width: 42px; min-height: 12px; transition: all 1s ease 0s;\"><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<pre id=\"mouseposition-extension-element-coordinate-display\" style=\"position: absolute; display: none; background: #ffffff; font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px; border-radius: 3px; border-width: 1px; border-color: #222222 black #333333; border-style: solid; padding: 3px; z-index: 2147483647; color: #222222; user-select: none; cursor: default; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Arabul \u201et\u00e1voz\u00e1s\u201d vagy \u201ekivonul\u00e1s\u201d \u2013 Az iszl\u00e1m id\u0151sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00e1s kezdete, amikor Mohamed Mekk\u00e1b\u00f3l Jaszribba (a k\u00e9s\u0151bbi Medin\u00e1ba) t\u00e1vozott. D\u00e1tuma i.sz. 622. j\u00falius 16, azaz A.H. 1. Muharram 1.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"template":"","encyclopedia-tag":[],"class_list":["post-3881","encyclopedia","type-encyclopedia","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia\/3881","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/encyclopedia"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia\/3881\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10682,"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia\/3881\/revisions\/10682"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3881"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"encyclopedia-tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia-tag?post=3881"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}