{"id":3895,"date":"2022-07-06T21:43:15","date_gmt":"2022-07-06T19:43:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/szaum\/"},"modified":"2022-11-03T09:31:58","modified_gmt":"2022-11-03T08:31:58","slug":"szaum","status":"publish","type":"encyclopedia","link":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/szaum\/","title":{"rendered":"szaum"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Arabul &bdquo;b&ouml;jt&rdquo;, konkr&eacute;tan a <a href=\"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/ramadan\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Arabul &bdquo;forr&oacute; (h&oacute;nap)&rdquo; &ndash; Az iszl&aacute;m holdnapt&aacute;r 9. h&oacute;napj&aacute;nak a neve, illetve az ebben a h&oacute;napban tartott b&ouml;jti id&#337;szak neve (a ramad = &bdquo;sz&aacute;raz&rdquo; sz&oacute;b&oacute;l). Ramad&aacute;n h&oacute;nap az iszl&aacute;m minden ir&aacute;nyzat&aacute;ban szent h&oacute;nap. Mivel had&iacute;szok szerint a Ramad&aacute;n sz&oacute; Allah egyik neve, ha a h&oacute;napr&oacute;l van sz&oacute;, hozz&aacute; kell tenni: &bdquo;Ramad&aacute;n h&oacute;nap k&ouml;zeledik&rdquo;. A Ramad&aacute;n-havi&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">Ramad&aacute;n<\/a> havi b&ouml;jt neve, a <a href=\"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/szunnita\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Arabul szunn&iacute; &ndash; Az iszl&aacute;m legnagyobb &aacute;ga, amelybe a muszlimok kb. 85%-a tartozik (a m&aacute;sik k&eacute;t &aacute;g a s&iacute;ita &eacute;s az ib&aacute;d&iacute;). A n&eacute;v vsz. &bdquo;a pr&oacute;f&eacute;ta hagyom&aacute;nya&rdquo; [szunnat an-nab&iacute;], illetve &bdquo;a hagyom&aacute;ny n&eacute;pe&rdquo; [ahl asz-szunna] kifejez&eacute;sb&#337;l ered, amely a 7-8. muszlim polg&aacute;rh&aacute;bor&uacute;kt&oacute;l kezdve a s&iacute;it&aacute;kkal, kh&aacute;ridzsit&aacute;kkal &eacute;s m&aacute;sokkal szembeni t&ouml;bbs&eacute;gi identit&aacute;st jel&ouml;lte. Mohamed fi&uacute;&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">szunnita<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/iszlam\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Arabul &bdquo;megb&eacute;k&eacute;l&eacute;s&rdquo; Allah akarat&aacute;val vagy &bdquo;&ouml;nal&aacute;vet&eacute;s&rdquo; Allah akarat&aacute;nak &ndash;&nbsp;Az iszl&aacute;m vall&aacute;s &ouml;nmegnevez&eacute;se az aszlama = megb&eacute;k&eacute;lni, beh&oacute;dolni, &ouml;nmag&aacute;t al&aacute;vetni jelent&eacute;s&#369; ig&eacute;b&#337;l. Az iszl&aacute;m az i.sz. 7. sz. j&ouml;tt l&eacute;tre, alap&iacute;t&oacute;ja Mohamed (570-623), az iszl&aacute;m pr&oacute;f&eacute;t&aacute;ja, Allah k&uuml;ld&ouml;tte. Allah az &uuml;zeneteit a hetedik &eacute;gb&#337;l lek&uuml;ldte [nuzul] Dzsibr&iacute;l arkangyallal, hogy ledikt&aacute;lja Mohamednek, aki recit&aacute;lta &eacute;s h&iacute;veivel memoriz&aacute;lta&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">iszl&aacute;m<\/a> &bdquo;oszlopai&rdquo; [<em><a href=\"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/arkan\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Arabul &bdquo;a vall&aacute;s oszlopai&rdquo; az ark&aacute;n = &bdquo;oszlopok&rdquo; vagy &bdquo;t&aacute;maszt&eacute;kok&rdquo; [e.sz. nukr] &eacute;s a d&iacute;n = (meg)vall&aacute;s szavakb&oacute;l &ndash; Az iszl&aacute;m szunnita &aacute;g&aacute;ban az &bdquo;&Ouml;t Pill&eacute;r&rdquo; a hit&eacute;let f&#337;bb pontjainak t&ouml;m&ouml;r &ouml;sszefoglal&oacute;ja, amely a ritu&aacute;lis alapokat &ouml;sszegzi (ld. Q 2:177 2:285 4:136). Ezek a k&ouml;vetkez&#337;k: (1) sah&aacute;da &ndash; a hitvall&aacute;s: &bdquo;Nincs m&aacute;s Isten, csak Allah,&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">ark&aacute;n ad-d&iacute;n<\/a><\/em>] k&ouml;z&uuml;l a negyedik.<\/p>\n<div id=\"mouseposition-extension-element-full-container\" style=\"position: fixed; inset: 0px; pointer-events: none; z-index: 2147483647; font-weight: 400;\">\n<div id=\"mouseposition-extension-element-rect-display\" style=\"display: none; position: absolute; background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7); outline: black solid 1px; font-size: 12px; z-index: 2147483647; justify-content: center; align-items: center; user-select: none; cursor: default; color: #000000; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width: 0px; height: 0px;\">\n<pre style=\"flex: 1 1 0%; text-align: center; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7); color: #000000; min-width: 42px; min-height: 12px; transition: all 1s ease 0s;\"><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<pre id=\"mouseposition-extension-element-coordinate-display\" style=\"position: absolute; display: none; background: #ffffff; font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px; border-radius: 3px; border-width: 1px; border-color: #222222 black #333333; border-style: solid; padding: 3px; z-index: 2147483647; color: #222222; user-select: none; cursor: default; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Arabul \u201eb\u00f6jt\u201d, konkr\u00e9tan a Ramad\u00e1n havi b\u00f6jt neve, a szunnita iszl\u00e1m \u201eoszlopai\u201d [ark\u00e1n ad-d\u00edn] k\u00f6z\u00fcl a negyedik.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"template":"","encyclopedia-tag":[],"class_list":["post-3895","encyclopedia","type-encyclopedia","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia\/3895","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/encyclopedia"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia\/3895\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14861,"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia\/3895\/revisions\/14861"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3895"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"encyclopedia-tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia-tag?post=3895"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}