{"id":3921,"date":"2022-07-06T21:43:15","date_gmt":"2022-07-06T19:43:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/mufti\/"},"modified":"2022-08-04T15:41:24","modified_gmt":"2022-08-04T13:41:24","slug":"mufti","status":"publish","type":"encyclopedia","link":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/mufti\/","title":{"rendered":"muft\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Arabul kb. &bdquo;a tiszt&aacute;z&oacute;&rdquo; &ndash; <a href=\"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/iszlam\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Arabul &bdquo;megb&eacute;k&eacute;l&eacute;s&rdquo; Allah akarat&aacute;val vagy &bdquo;&ouml;nal&aacute;vet&eacute;s&rdquo; Allah akarat&aacute;nak &ndash;&nbsp;Az iszl&aacute;m vall&aacute;s &ouml;nmegnevez&eacute;se az aszlama = megb&eacute;k&eacute;lni, beh&oacute;dolni, &ouml;nmag&aacute;t al&aacute;vetni jelent&eacute;s&#369; ig&eacute;b&#337;l. Az iszl&aacute;m az i.sz. 7. sz. j&ouml;tt l&eacute;tre, alap&iacute;t&oacute;ja Mohamed (570-623), az iszl&aacute;m pr&oacute;f&eacute;t&aacute;ja, Allah k&uuml;ld&ouml;tte. Allah az &uuml;zeneteit a hetedik &eacute;gb&#337;l lek&uuml;ldte [nuzul] Dzsibr&iacute;l arkangyallal, hogy ledikt&aacute;lja Mohamednek, aki recit&aacute;lta &eacute;s h&iacute;veivel memoriz&aacute;lta&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">Iszl&aacute;m<\/a> vall&aacute;sjogban <em><a href=\"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/fatva\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Arabul &bdquo;jogi v&eacute;lem&eacute;ny&rdquo; [t.sz. fat&aacute;v&aacute;] &ndash; Az iszl&aacute;m vall&aacute;sjogban a muft&iacute; &aacute;ltal megfogalmazott &eacute;s indokl&aacute;ssal ell&aacute;tott, de nem k&ouml;telez&#337; jogi v&eacute;lem&eacute;ny. A fatv&aacute; kiad&aacute;s&aacute;t [ift&aacute;] csak az erre felhatalmazott jogtud&oacute;s [muft&iacute;] v&eacute;gezheti. A sz&oacute; igei alakban a Kor&aacute;nban is el&#337;fordul, amikor Mohamedt&#337;l Allah &bdquo;d&ouml;nt&eacute;s&eacute;t&rdquo; v&aacute;rt&aacute;k vit&aacute;s k&eacute;rd&eacute;sekben (Q 4:127,176). A fatv&aacute;k mindenf&eacute;le hit&eacute;leti, ritu&aacute;lis, erk&ouml;lcsi,&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">fatv&aacute;<\/a><\/em> kibocs&aacute;t&aacute;s&aacute;ra jogosult jogtud&oacute;s neve. Ld. <em>fatva, <a href=\"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/idzstihad\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Arabul &bdquo;megk&uuml;zd&eacute;s&rdquo; &ndash; Az iszl&aacute;m vall&aacute;sjog [fiqh] egyik m&oacute;dszertana, amikor egy kiemelked&#337; tekint&eacute;ly&#369;&nbsp; vall&aacute;sjog&aacute;sz [mudzstah&iacute;d] &ndash; konkr&eacute;t kor&aacute;ni vagy had&iacute;sz sz&ouml;veg, illetve konszenzus [idzsm&aacute;] &eacute;s anal&oacute;gia [qij&aacute;sz] h&iacute;j&aacute;n &ndash; a saj&aacute;t jogi iskol&aacute;ja keretein is t&uacute;ll&eacute;pve &bdquo;megk&uuml;zd&rdquo; egy eseti d&ouml;nt&eacute;s&eacute;rt. A magas k&ouml;vetelm&eacute;nyek miatt mindig kev&eacute;s mudzstah&iacute;d volt, de az &#337; k&ouml;teless&eacute;g&uuml;k volt kiadni &uacute;j&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">idzstih&aacute;d<\/a>, mudzstah&iacute;d<\/em><\/p>\n<div id=\"mouseposition-extension-element-full-container\" style=\"position: fixed; inset: 0px; pointer-events: none; z-index: 2147483647; font-weight: 400;\">\n<div id=\"mouseposition-extension-element-rect-display\" style=\"display: none; position: absolute; background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7); outline: black solid 1px; font-size: 12px; z-index: 2147483647; justify-content: center; align-items: center; user-select: none; cursor: default; color: #000000; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width: 0px; height: 0px;\">\n<pre style=\"flex: 1 1 0%; text-align: center; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7); color: #000000; min-width: 42px; min-height: 12px; transition: all 1s ease 0s;\"><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<pre id=\"mouseposition-extension-element-coordinate-display\" style=\"position: absolute; display: none; background: #ffffff; font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px; border-radius: 3px; border-width: 1px; border-color: #222222 black #333333; border-style: solid; padding: 3px; z-index: 2147483647; color: #222222; user-select: none; cursor: default; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Arabul kb. \u201ea tiszt\u00e1z\u00f3\u201d \u2013 Iszl\u00e1m vall\u00e1sjogban fatv\u00e1 kibocs\u00e1t\u00e1s\u00e1ra jogosult jogtud\u00f3s neve. Ld. fatva, idzstih\u00e1d, mudzstah\u00edd<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"template":"","encyclopedia-tag":[],"class_list":["post-3921","encyclopedia","type-encyclopedia","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia\/3921","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/encyclopedia"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia\/3921\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11258,"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia\/3921\/revisions\/11258"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3921"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"encyclopedia-tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia-tag?post=3921"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}