{"id":3956,"date":"2022-07-06T21:43:16","date_gmt":"2022-07-06T19:43:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/makruh\/"},"modified":"2022-07-28T11:29:01","modified_gmt":"2022-07-28T09:29:01","slug":"makruh","status":"publish","type":"encyclopedia","link":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/makruh\/","title":{"rendered":"makr\u00fah"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Arabul &bdquo;elutas&iacute;tand&oacute;&rdquo;&nbsp; vagy &bdquo;kifog&aacute;solhat&oacute;&rdquo; &ndash; Az <a href=\"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/iszlam\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Arabul &bdquo;megb&eacute;k&eacute;l&eacute;s&rdquo; Allah akarat&aacute;val vagy &bdquo;&ouml;nal&aacute;vet&eacute;s&rdquo; Allah akarat&aacute;nak &ndash;&nbsp;Az iszl&aacute;m vall&aacute;s &ouml;nmegnevez&eacute;se az aszlama = megb&eacute;k&eacute;lni, beh&oacute;dolni, &ouml;nmag&aacute;t al&aacute;vetni jelent&eacute;s&#369; ig&eacute;b&#337;l. Az iszl&aacute;m az i.sz. 7. sz. j&ouml;tt l&eacute;tre, alap&iacute;t&oacute;ja Mohamed (570-623), az iszl&aacute;m pr&oacute;f&eacute;t&aacute;ja, Allah k&uuml;ld&ouml;tte. Allah az &uuml;zeneteit a hetedik &eacute;gb&#337;l lek&uuml;ldte [nuzul] Dzsibr&iacute;l arkangyallal, hogy ledikt&aacute;lja Mohamednek, aki recit&aacute;lta &eacute;s h&iacute;veivel memoriz&aacute;lta&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">iszl&aacute;m<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/hadisz\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Arabul &bdquo;k&ouml;zl&eacute;s, besz&aacute;mol&oacute;, h&iacute;r&rdquo; &ndash; Mohamed idej&eacute;re visszavezethet&#337; kort&aacute;rs besz&aacute;mol&oacute;k, k&ouml;zl&eacute;sek, amelyeket Mohamed rokonai &eacute;s k&ouml;zvetlen munkat&aacute;rsai &eacute;ltek &aacute;t, &eacute;s adtak tov&aacute;bb. A Kor&aacute;n sz&ouml;vegk&ouml;rnyezet n&eacute;lk&uuml;li szakaszainak &eacute;rtelmez&eacute;s&eacute;t vannak hivatva seg&iacute;teni az&aacute;ltal, hogy k&ouml;vetkeztetni engednek egy-egy szakasz &bdquo;lek&uuml;ld&eacute;s&eacute;nek&rdquo; okaira (helyzet, jelenl&eacute;v&#337;k, besz&eacute;lget&eacute;s t&aacute;rgya stb.). A 8-10. sz-ban erre szakosodott hittud&oacute;sok &uacute;n. had&iacute;sz-gy&#369;jtem&eacute;nyeket alkottak. Kidolgozt&aacute;k a&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">had&iacute;sz<\/a>-tudom&aacute;nyban a vsz. koholt, ez&eacute;rt &bdquo;elutas&iacute;tand&oacute;&rdquo; min&#337;s&iacute;t&eacute;s&#369; k&ouml;zl&eacute;sek neve. A jogtudom&aacute;nyban [<em><a href=\"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/fiqh\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Arabul &bdquo;meg&eacute;rt&eacute;s&rdquo;, ti. a vall&aacute;sjogra vonatkoz&oacute;an &ndash; Az iszl&aacute;m vall&aacute;si jog vagy jogtudom&aacute;ny [usz&uacute;l al-fiqh] felfog&aacute;s&aacute;ban maga Allah a jogalkot&oacute;, az ember csak meg&eacute;rteni, felismerni tudja a jogforr&aacute;sban (Kor&aacute;n, szunna) tal&aacute;lhat&oacute; t&ouml;rv&eacute;nyt. A fiqh vall&aacute;si jog, ez&eacute;rt a hittudom&aacute;nyi k&eacute;pzetts&eacute;g a jogtudom&aacute;ny m&#369;vel&eacute;s&eacute;nek felt&eacute;tele. A sar&iacute;a eg&eacute;sz&eacute;nek &aacute;tfog&oacute; kutat&oacute;ja a vall&aacute;s- &eacute;s jogtud&oacute;s, az &aacute;lim.&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">fiqh<\/a><\/em>] a &bdquo;kifog&aacute;solhat&oacute;&rdquo; tettek, dolgok stb. min&#337;s&iacute;t&eacute;se (ld. <a href=\"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/otos-szabaly\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Iszl&aacute;m vall&aacute;sjogi kifejez&eacute;s [al-ahk&aacute;m al-khamsza] ford&iacute;t&aacute;sa. Allah akarata [hukm] az &eacute;let minden dolg&aacute;t szab&aacute;lyozza, kateg&oacute;ri&aacute;kba sorolja. A Kor&aacute;n sok sz&ouml;vege szerint egy tett, dolog, &eacute;tel, ital stb. vagy megengedett [halal], vagy tiltott [har&aacute;m]. A 8-10. sz-ban a vall&aacute;sjog [fiqh] a kor&aacute;ni kett&#337;s rendszert tov&aacute;bb finom&iacute;totta, kialak&iacute;tva az &bdquo;&ouml;t&ouml;s szab&aacute;ly&rdquo;-t. Eszerint egy tett, dolog stb. lehet&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">&ouml;t&ouml;s szab&aacute;ly<\/a>).<\/p>\n<div id=\"mouseposition-extension-element-full-container\" style=\"position: fixed; inset: 0px; pointer-events: none; z-index: 2147483647; font-weight: 400;\">\n<div id=\"mouseposition-extension-element-rect-display\" style=\"display: none; position: absolute; background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7); outline: black solid 1px; font-size: 12px; z-index: 2147483647; justify-content: center; align-items: center; user-select: none; cursor: default; color: #000000; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width: 0px; height: 0px;\">\n<pre style=\"flex: 1 1 0%; text-align: center; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7); color: #000000; min-width: 42px; min-height: 12px; transition: all 1s ease 0s;\"><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<pre id=\"mouseposition-extension-element-coordinate-display\" style=\"position: absolute; display: none; background: #ffffff; font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px; border-radius: 3px; border-width: 1px; border-color: #222222 black #333333; border-style: solid; padding: 3px; z-index: 2147483647; color: #222222; user-select: none; cursor: default; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Arabul \u201eelutas\u00edtand\u00f3\u201d\u00a0 vagy \u201ekifog\u00e1solhat\u00f3\u201d \u2013 Az iszl\u00e1m had\u00edsz-tudom\u00e1nyban a vsz. koholt, ez\u00e9rt \u201eelutas\u00edtand\u00f3\u201d min\u0151s\u00edt\u00e9s\u0171 k\u00f6zl\u00e9sek neve. A jogtudom\u00e1nyban [fiqh] a \u201ekifog\u00e1solhat\u00f3\u201d tettek, dolgok stb. min\u0151s\u00edt\u00e9se (ld. \u00f6t\u00f6s szab\u00e1ly).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"template":"","encyclopedia-tag":[],"class_list":["post-3956","encyclopedia","type-encyclopedia","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia\/3956","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/encyclopedia"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia\/3956\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10819,"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia\/3956\/revisions\/10819"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3956"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"encyclopedia-tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia-tag?post=3956"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}