{"id":3958,"date":"2022-07-06T21:43:16","date_gmt":"2022-07-06T19:43:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/szira\/"},"modified":"2022-08-05T15:28:18","modified_gmt":"2022-08-05T13:28:18","slug":"szira","status":"publish","type":"encyclopedia","link":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/szira\/","title":{"rendered":"sz\u00edra"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Arabul &bdquo;&eacute;let&uacute;t&rdquo; &ndash; Az <a href=\"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/iszlam\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Arabul &bdquo;megb&eacute;k&eacute;l&eacute;s&rdquo; Allah akarat&aacute;val vagy &bdquo;&ouml;nal&aacute;vet&eacute;s&rdquo; Allah akarat&aacute;nak &ndash;&nbsp;Az iszl&aacute;m vall&aacute;s &ouml;nmegnevez&eacute;se az aszlama = megb&eacute;k&eacute;lni, beh&oacute;dolni, &ouml;nmag&aacute;t al&aacute;vetni jelent&eacute;s&#369; ig&eacute;b&#337;l. Az iszl&aacute;m az i.sz. 7. sz. j&ouml;tt l&eacute;tre, alap&iacute;t&oacute;ja Mohamed (570-623), az iszl&aacute;m pr&oacute;f&eacute;t&aacute;ja, Allah k&uuml;ld&ouml;tte. Allah az &uuml;zeneteit a hetedik &eacute;gb&#337;l lek&uuml;ldte [nuzul] Dzsibr&iacute;l arkangyallal, hogy ledikt&aacute;lja Mohamednek, aki recit&aacute;lta &eacute;s h&iacute;veivel memoriz&aacute;lta&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">iszl&aacute;m<\/a> pr&oacute;f&eacute;tai hagyom&aacute;nyban az &uacute;n. sz&iacute;ra-irodalom <a href=\"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/mohamed\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Muhammad ibn Abdullah (kb. 570-632). Arab keresked&#337;, majd vall&aacute;si, politikai, katonai vezet&#337;, az iszl&aacute;m pr&oacute;f&eacute;t&aacute;ja. Nev&eacute;nek jelent&eacute;se &bdquo;dics&eacute;retre m&eacute;lt&oacute;&rdquo;. A mai Sza&uacute;d-Ar&aacute;bia ter&uuml;let&eacute;n, Mekk&aacute;ban sz&uuml;letett, egy anyagi szempontb&oacute;l jelent&eacute;ktelen kl&aacute;n tagjak&eacute;nt. &Eacute;desapj&aacute;t (Abdullah, azaz &bdquo;Allah szolg&aacute;ja&rdquo;) m&eacute;g sz&uuml;let&eacute;se el&#337;tt vesztette el, &eacute;desanyj&aacute;t (Amina) hat&eacute;vesen, &iacute;gy anyai nagyb&aacute;tyja, Ab&uacute; T&aacute;lib nevelte. Az iszl&aacute;m pr&oacute;f&eacute;t&aacute;ja kb. 40&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">Mohamed<\/a> korai (8-10. sz-i) &eacute;letrajzainak gy&#369;jt&#337;neve. A n&eacute;gy legfontosabb szerz&#337; &eacute;s m&#369; a k&ouml;vetkez&#337;: Ibn Iszh&aacute;q (megh. 768) m&#369;ve Ibn His&aacute;m (megh. 833) &aacute;tdolgoz&aacute;s&aacute;ban (<em>Sz&iacute;rat Rasz&uacute;l All&aacute;h<\/em>), al-W&aacute;qidi (megh. 822) m&#369;ve (<em>Kit&aacute;b al-Magh&aacute;zi<\/em>) f&#337;leg a medinai id&#337;szakr&oacute;l &eacute;s a harcokr&oacute;l, Ibn Sza&#8219;d (megh. 845) m&#369;ve (<em>Tabaq&aacute;t<\/em>) <a href=\"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/mohamed\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Muhammad ibn Abdullah (kb. 570-632). Arab keresked&#337;, majd vall&aacute;si, politikai, katonai vezet&#337;, az iszl&aacute;m pr&oacute;f&eacute;t&aacute;ja. Nev&eacute;nek jelent&eacute;se &bdquo;dics&eacute;retre m&eacute;lt&oacute;&rdquo;. A mai Sza&uacute;d-Ar&aacute;bia ter&uuml;let&eacute;n, Mekk&aacute;ban sz&uuml;letett, egy anyagi szempontb&oacute;l jelent&eacute;ktelen kl&aacute;n tagjak&eacute;nt. &Eacute;desapj&aacute;t (Abdullah, azaz &bdquo;Allah szolg&aacute;ja&rdquo;) m&eacute;g sz&uuml;let&eacute;se el&#337;tt vesztette el, &eacute;desanyj&aacute;t (Amina) hat&eacute;vesen, &iacute;gy anyai nagyb&aacute;tyja, Ab&uacute; T&aacute;lib nevelte. Az iszl&aacute;m pr&oacute;f&eacute;t&aacute;ja kb. 40&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">Mohamed<\/a> t&aacute;rsaival is foglalkozik, illetve at-Tabar&iacute; (megh. 922) pr&oacute;f&eacute;t&aacute;kr&oacute;l &eacute;s kir&aacute;lyokr&oacute;l sz&oacute;l&oacute; t&ouml;rt&eacute;nelm&eacute;nek (<em>Tar&iacute;kh ar-Ruszul wa am-Muluk<\/em>) egyik k&ouml;tete (I. 2-4).<\/p>\n<div id=\"mouseposition-extension-element-full-container\" style=\"position: fixed; inset: 0px; pointer-events: none; z-index: 2147483647; font-weight: 400;\">\n<div id=\"mouseposition-extension-element-rect-display\" style=\"display: none; position: absolute; background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7); outline: black solid 1px; font-size: 12px; z-index: 2147483647; justify-content: center; align-items: center; user-select: none; cursor: default; color: #000000; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width: 0px; height: 0px;\">\n<pre style=\"flex: 1 1 0%; text-align: center; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7); color: #000000; min-width: 42px; min-height: 12px; transition: all 1s ease 0s;\"><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<pre id=\"mouseposition-extension-element-coordinate-display\" style=\"position: absolute; display: none; background: #ffffff; font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px; border-radius: 3px; border-width: 1px; border-color: #222222 black #333333; border-style: solid; padding: 3px; z-index: 2147483647; color: #222222; user-select: none; cursor: default; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Arabul \u201e\u00e9let\u00fat\u201d \u2013 Az iszl\u00e1m pr\u00f3f\u00e9tai hagyom\u00e1nyban az \u00fan. sz\u00edra-irodalom Mohamed korai (8-10. sz-i) \u00e9letrajzainak gy\u0171jt\u0151neve. A n\u00e9gy legfontosabb szerz\u0151 \u00e9s m\u0171 a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151: Ibn Iszh\u00e1q (megh. 768) m\u0171ve Ibn His\u00e1m (megh. 833) \u00e1tdolgoz\u00e1s\u00e1ban (Sz\u00edrat Rasz\u00fal All\u00e1h), al-W\u00e1qidi (megh. 822) m\u0171ve (Kit\u00e1b al-Magh\u00e1zi) f\u0151leg a medinai id\u0151szakr\u00f3l \u00e9s a harcokr\u00f3l, Ibn Sza\u201bd (megh. 845) m\u0171ve &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"template":"","encyclopedia-tag":[],"class_list":["post-3958","encyclopedia","type-encyclopedia","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia\/3958","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/encyclopedia"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia\/3958\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11704,"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia\/3958\/revisions\/11704"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3958"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"encyclopedia-tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia-tag?post=3958"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}