{"id":4018,"date":"2022-07-06T21:43:18","date_gmt":"2022-07-06T19:43:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/hira\/"},"modified":"2022-07-30T21:21:37","modified_gmt":"2022-07-30T19:21:37","slug":"hira","status":"publish","type":"encyclopedia","link":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/hira\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u00edra"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/mekka\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Arabul Makka, v&aacute;rosn&eacute;v, az iszl&aacute;m h&aacute;rom szent v&aacute;ros&aacute;nak egyike (v&ouml;. Medina &eacute;s Jeruzs&aacute;lem), ui. Mohamed sz&uuml;l&#337;v&aacute;rosa az ar&aacute;biai sivatagban, a ma Sza&uacute;d-Ar&aacute;bi&aacute;ban. B&aacute;r a v&aacute;rosr&oacute;l az iszl&aacute;m el&#337;tti korb&oacute;l nincs adat, az iszl&aacute;m hagyom&aacute;ny szerint a 7. sz&aacute;zad el&#337;tt a t&ouml;mj&eacute;n &uacute;ton tranzitv&aacute;ros volt, illetve id&#337;szakos zar&aacute;ndokhely a K&aacute;ba szent&eacute;ly k&ouml;r&uuml;l, Ramad&aacute;n h&oacute;napban. Mekka Mohamed&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">Mekka<\/a> k&ouml;rny&eacute;ki hegy, a <em>Dzsabal an-N&uacute;r<\/em> (&bdquo;F&eacute;ny hegy&rdquo;) egyik barlangj&aacute;nak neve. Mohamednek, az <a href=\"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/iszlam\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Arabul &bdquo;megb&eacute;k&eacute;l&eacute;s&rdquo; Allah akarat&aacute;val vagy &bdquo;&ouml;nal&aacute;vet&eacute;s&rdquo; Allah akarat&aacute;nak &ndash;&nbsp;Az iszl&aacute;m vall&aacute;s &ouml;nmegnevez&eacute;se az aszlama = megb&eacute;k&eacute;lni, beh&oacute;dolni, &ouml;nmag&aacute;t al&aacute;vetni jelent&eacute;s&#369; ig&eacute;b&#337;l. Az iszl&aacute;m az i.sz. 7. sz. j&ouml;tt l&eacute;tre, alap&iacute;t&oacute;ja Mohamed (570-623), az iszl&aacute;m pr&oacute;f&eacute;t&aacute;ja, Allah k&uuml;ld&ouml;tte. Allah az &uuml;zeneteit a hetedik &eacute;gb&#337;l lek&uuml;ldte [nuzul] Dzsibr&iacute;l arkangyallal, hogy ledikt&aacute;lja Mohamednek, aki recit&aacute;lta &eacute;s h&iacute;veivel memoriz&aacute;lta&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">iszl&aacute;m<\/a> pr&oacute;f&eacute;t&aacute;j&aacute;nak el&#337;sz&ouml;r (i.sz. 610-ben) itt, a H&iacute;ra barlangban jelent <em><a href=\"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/dzsibril\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"A bibliai G&aacute;briel angyal nev&eacute;nek arab v&aacute;ltozata a Kor&aacute;nban (Q 2:97-98, 66:4); az iszl&aacute;m hagyom&aacute;nyban n&eacute;vv&aacute;ltozata a Dzsibr&aacute;&iacute;l.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">Dzsibr&iacute;l<\/a><\/em> arkangyal (Q 96).<\/p>\n<p>V&ouml;. <a href=\"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/lexikon\/ramadan\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Arabul &bdquo;forr&oacute; (h&oacute;nap)&rdquo; &ndash; Az iszl&aacute;m holdnapt&aacute;r 9. h&oacute;napj&aacute;nak a neve, illetve az ebben a h&oacute;napban tartott b&ouml;jti id&#337;szak neve (a ramad = &bdquo;sz&aacute;raz&rdquo; sz&oacute;b&oacute;l). Ramad&aacute;n h&oacute;nap az iszl&aacute;m minden ir&aacute;nyzat&aacute;ban szent h&oacute;nap. Mivel had&iacute;szok szerint a Ramad&aacute;n sz&oacute; Allah egyik neve, ha a h&oacute;napr&oacute;l van sz&oacute;, hozz&aacute; kell tenni: &bdquo;Ramad&aacute;n h&oacute;nap k&ouml;zeledik&rdquo;. A Ramad&aacute;n-havi&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">Ramad&aacute;n<\/a><\/p>\n<div id=\"mouseposition-extension-element-full-container\" style=\"position: fixed; inset: 0px; pointer-events: none; z-index: 2147483647; font-weight: 400;\">\n<div id=\"mouseposition-extension-element-rect-display\" style=\"display: none; position: absolute; background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7); outline: black solid 1px; font-size: 12px; z-index: 2147483647; justify-content: center; align-items: center; user-select: none; cursor: default; color: #000000; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width: 0px; height: 0px;\">\n<pre style=\"flex: 1 1 0%; text-align: center; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7); color: #000000; min-width: 42px; min-height: 12px; transition: all 1s ease 0s;\"><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<pre id=\"mouseposition-extension-element-coordinate-display\" style=\"position: absolute; display: none; background: #ffffff; font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px; border-radius: 3px; border-width: 1px; border-color: #222222 black #333333; border-style: solid; padding: 3px; z-index: 2147483647; color: #222222; user-select: none; cursor: default; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mekka k\u00f6rny\u00e9ki hegy, a Dzsabal an-N\u00far (\u201eF\u00e9ny hegy\u201d) egyik barlangj\u00e1nak neve. Mohamednek, az iszl\u00e1m pr\u00f3f\u00e9t\u00e1j\u00e1nak el\u0151sz\u00f6r (i.sz. 610-ben) itt, a H\u00edra barlangban jelent Dzsibr\u00edl arkangyal (Q 96). V\u00f6. Ramad\u00e1n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"template":"","encyclopedia-tag":[],"class_list":["post-4018","encyclopedia","type-encyclopedia","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia\/4018","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/encyclopedia"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia\/4018\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11076,"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia\/4018\/revisions\/11076"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4018"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"encyclopedia-tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apologia.hu\/tudastar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia-tag?post=4018"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}